De son berceau dans l’ouest algérien jusqu’aux plus grandes scènes de spectacle dans le monde, le Raï, chant populaire algérien profondément ancré dans la culture de sa société, fait son entrée dans la prestigieuse liste représentative du patrimoine culturel immatériel de l’humanité de l’Unesco.
L’organisation onusienne consacre ainsi, lors de la 17e session du Comité intergouvernemental de sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel, un art du spectacle porté par une tradition orale et des pratiques sociales qui a évolué de son berceau algérien rural, pour investir les scènes culturelles dans de nombreux pays du monde.
Dans l’argumentaire présenté aux experts et représentants des pays membres, le raï est présenté comme un chant populaire d’Algérie qui “respire et transmet une forte marque d’expression d’identité de la société qui lui a donné naissance et reconnaissance”.
Depuis son berceau dans des villes de l’ouest algérien comme Oran, Ain Temouchent, Sidi Bel Abbes et Saida, ce “chant populaire traduit la réalité sociale et chante l’amour, la liberté, le désespoir, la contrainte sociale, sans tabou ni censure”, explique l’argumentaire.
Le Centre national de recherche en préhistoire, en anthropologie et en histoire (Cnrpah) qui a élaboré le dossier de candidature au classement, rappelle que les maîtres (Chouyoukh) ont, deux siècles durant, chanté des textes de la poésie “melhoun” (poésie en langue arabe vernaculaire) interprétés avec un orchestre traditionnel constitué de “gallal” (tambourin tubulaire) et de “gasba” (flûte).
L’argumentaire précise que ce sont les femmes (cheikhat) qui vont donner, au début du XX siècle, une orientation moins soumise aux langages convenus en imposant des codes transgressifs.
Le raï, a, par la suite connu une plus grande diffusion géographique en Algérie vers le centre et l’est du pays, essentiellement grâce à l’avènement des supports d’enregistrement qui ont permis une large diffusion, avant de s’imposer au niveau international grâce à la communauté algérienne installée à l’étranger.
Connu dans sa forme actuelle depuis les années 1970, le raï avait introduit à cette période des instruments tels que la guitare électrique, la trompette, l’accordéon, le synthétiseur, qui ont donné différentes nuances au genre, sans en dénaturer “l’esprit”.
Le dossier de candidature présente également cette musique comme un “porte-voix de l’espoir contre l’intégrisme islamiste” dans les années 1990, mais aussi comme “lien symbolique avec le pays” pour la communauté algérienne établie à l’étranger.
Par les différentes collaborations entre artistes de renommée mondiale, le raï s’est également imposé comme un facteur de rapprochement entre les communautés et les cultures et un médiateur de “l’intercompréhension et de l’échange”.
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