L’ONG Western Sahara Resource Watch (WSRW) a appelé toutes les entreprises impliquées dans le commerce avec le Maroc à arrêter immédiatement tous les achats et transports de phosphate provenant du Sahara occidental occupé, jusqu’à ce que soit trouvée une solution au conflit.
Dans son dixième rapport annuel publié lundi, l’ONG a détaillé les entreprises impliquées dans le pillage de phosphate du Sahara occidental occupé, invitant les investisseurs à les interpeller ou à se désinvestir, “à moins que des mesures ne soient prises”.
Selon le rapport, le minerai de phosphate exploité illégalement est l’une des principales sources de revenus du gouvernement marocain sur le territoire qu’il occupe en violation du droit international.
En 2022, 23 navires ont quitté le Sahara occidental occupé avec 1,23 million de tonnes de minerai de phosphate, en légère baisse par rapport aux 1,4 million de tonnes de 2021.
Le doublement des prix mondiaux du phosphate en 2021 implique que les exportations illégales du Maroc sont devenues de plus en plus lucratives.
Le rapport indique que le revenu exact du Maroc provenant de la mine de Bou Craa (une centaine de kilomètres au sud-est de Laâyoune occupée) est une estimation, car le prix exact de la roche du Sahara occidental n’est pas connu. Cependant, les données obtenues au fil des ans révèlent que le prix de la roche phosphatée provenant du territoire occupé est sensiblement plus élevé que le prix du marché international.
En utilisant le même calcul que les années précédentes, WSRW estime que le revenu du Maroc provenant de l’or blanc du Sahara occidental aurait atteint 655,5 millions de dollars en 2022.
Le rapport signale que depuis 2011, le Maroc investit “massivement” dans le port et les installations dédiés au phosphate de la dernière colonie d’Afrique pour rendre son commerce plus rentable.
Malgré les promesses antérieures de ne plus s’approvisionner en minerai de phosphate du Sahara occidental, la société américaine Innophos Holdings au Mexique est désormais devenue le plus grand importateur du territoire occupé, selon le document.
Les importations mexicaines constituaient 41,6 % de toute la quantité de minerai exportée du territoire occupé en 2022. Innophos avait annoncé en 2018 qu’elle avait arrêté ses importations en raison de son “engagement envers la responsabilité sociale globale”.
Aujourd’hui, elle ne répond plus aux interpellations sur sa reprise du commerce controversé, a-t-on indiqué.
Le rapport démontre également que les importations vers l’Inde, le Mexique et la Nouvelle-Zélande constituent plus de 92% de l’ensemble du commerce des minerais du Sahara occidental occupé.
Par ailleurs, l’ONG a noté qu’aucune cargaison n’a transité par le cap de Bonne-Espérance ou par le canal de Panama, après l’immobilisation en 2017 au Panama et en Afrique du Sud de navires transportant du phosphate du Sahara occidental.
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